References
References
The [n] in the text refers to the numbers below. Items 42 to 49 were added for Where it is heading. They come from art, economics and theory, so some sources are outside arXiv. arXiv links open the PDF. We downloaded and read all of them into the ref/ folder (not committed to the repository), and the reading notes are in ref/notes/. A peer-reviewed venue is listed only where the paper states one; the rest are preprints. The two papers we saw only by abstract (40 and 41) are marked separately.
Concepts, definitions, reviews
- Karpathy, A. (2025-02-02). X post: "There's a new kind of coding I call 'vibe coding'…" x.com/karpathy/status/1886192184808149383
- Sarkar, A. & Drosos, I. (2025). Vibe coding: programming through conversation with artificial intelligence. PPIG 2025. arXiv:2506.23253
- Meske, C., Hermanns, T., von der Weiden, E., Loser, K.-U. & Berger, T. (2025). Vibe Coding as a Reconfiguration of Intent Mediation in Software Development. IEEE Access 13. arXiv:2507.21928
- Siddeeq, S., Waseem, M., Kemell, K.-K., Saari, M., Rasku, J. & Abrahamsson, P. (2026). Vibe Coding in Software Development: A Multivocal Literature Review. arXiv:2607.21652
- Fawzy, A., Tahir, A. & Blincoe, K. (2025). Vibe Coding in Practice: Motivations, Challenges, and a Future Outlook — a Grey Literature Review. arXiv:2510.00328
- Fawzy, A., Tahir, A. & Blincoe, K. (2026). From Prompting to Verification: How Experience Shapes Vibe Coding Practices. arXiv:2605.24521
- Ge, Y., Mei, L., Duan, Z. et al. (2025). A Survey of Vibe Coding with Large Language Models. arXiv:2510.12399
- Sapkota, R., Roumeliotis, K. I. & Karkee, M. (2025). Vibe Coding vs. Agentic Coding: Fundamentals and Practical Implications of Agentic AI. arXiv:2505.19443
- Krings, K., Bohn, N. S. & Ludwig, T. (2025). The (R)evolution of Programming: Vibe Coding as a Post-Coding Paradigm. AARHUS'25 workshop. arXiv:2510.12364
- Jin, H. (2025). Vibe Coding, Interface Flattening. arXiv:2512.24939
- Knobel, C. & Radziwill, N. (2025). Vibe Coding: Is Human Nature the Ghost in the Machine? arXiv:2508.20918
Empirical studies: practice, novices, teams
- Pimenova, V., Fakhoury, S., Bird, C., Storey, M.-A. & Endres, M. (2025). Good Vibrations? A Qualitative Study of Co-Creation, Communication, Flow, and Trust in Vibe Coding. arXiv:2509.12491
- Chou, Y.-H., Jiang, B., Chen, Y. W. et al. (2025). Building Software by Rolling the Dice: A Qualitative Study of Vibe Coding. FSE'26. arXiv:2512.22418
- Gama, K., Calegario, F., Jackson, V., Nolte, A., Morais, L. A. & Garcia, V. (2025). "Can you feel the vibes?": An exploration of novice programmer engagement with vibe coding. ICSE 2026 SEET. arXiv:2512.02750
- Geng, F., Shah, A., Li, H. et al. (2025). Exploring Student-AI Interactions in Vibe Coding. arXiv:2507.22614
- Chen, A. J., Cao, Y., Shao, M., Karri, R. & Shafique, M. (2026). Code for All: Educational Applications of the "Vibe Coding" Hackathon. arXiv:2604.22747
- Hu, H., Marjieh, R., Collins, K. M., Li, C., Griffiths, T. L., Sucholutsky, I. & Jacoby, N. (2026). Why Human Guidance Matters in Collaborative Vibe Coding. arXiv:2602.10473
- Aiersilan, A. (2026). The Vibe-Check Protocol: Quantifying Cognitive Offloading in AI Programming. arXiv:2601.02410
- Li, J., Hou, Y., Lin, L., Zhu, R., Cao, H. & El Ali, A. (2026). Vibe Coding in Product Teams: Reconfiguring AI-Assisted Workflows, Prototyping, and Collaboration. CHIWORK'26. arXiv:2509.10652
- Li, T., Maheshwari, T. & Voelker, A. (2025). User-Centered Design with AI in the Loop: A Case Study of Rapid User Interface Prototyping with "Vibe Coding". CI'25. arXiv:2507.21012
Creative coding, art, design
- Angert, T., Suzara, M. I., Han, J., Pondoc, C. L. & Subramonyam, H. (2023). Spellburst: A Node-based Interface for Exploratory Creative Coding with Natural Language Prompts. UIST'23. arXiv:2308.03921
- Wang, A., Yin, Z., Hu, Y. et al. (2025). Pinning "Reflection" on the Agenda: Investigating Reflection in Human-LLM Co-Creation for Creative Coding. arXiv:2402.09750
- Wang, A., Li, Z., Luo, L., Tong, X. & Hui, P. (2026). Reflexa: Uncovering How LLM-Supported Reflection Scaffolding Reshapes Creativity in Creative Coding. arXiv:2601.17769
- Zamfirescu-Pereira, J. D., Jun, E., Terry, M., Yang, Q. & Hartmann, B. (2025). Beyond Code Generation: LLM-supported Exploration of the Program Design Space. CHI'25. arXiv:2503.06911
- Saghi, Z., Huang, R. & Chattopadhyay, S. (2026). "Like Taking the Path of Least Resistance": Exploring the Impact of LLM Interaction on the Creative Process of Programming. arXiv:2605.13776
- Huang, T.-T., Huang, J. Y.-C. & Wensveen, S. (2026). Workmanship of Learning: Embedding Craftsmanship Values in AI-Integrated Educational Tools. CHI EA'26. arXiv:2604.07118
- Druga, S. & Ko, A. J. (2025). Scratch Copilot: Supporting Youth Creative Coding with AI. IDC'25. arXiv:2505.03867
- Shin, D., Gao, A., Pang, R. Y., Lee, J., Reinecke, K. & Tseng, E. (2026). Interrogating Design Homogenization in Web Vibe Coding. arXiv:2603.13036
- Sun, Z., Wen, X., Wang, F., Liu, C., Lai, Y., Hurter, C. & Wang, Y. (2026). Vibe Coding for Visualization Implementation: An Empirical Study of Practices and Challenges. arXiv:2606.19703
- Deng, J., Fan, Z. & Meng, R. (2026). Understanding the (In)Security of Vibe-Coded Applications. arXiv:2606.23130
Sound, movement, space
- Kouteili, S., Madhu, H., Typaldos, G. & Santolucito, M. (2025). Embedding Alignment in Code Generation for Audio. arXiv:2508.05473
- Zhang, W., Leon, M., Xu, R. et al. (2024). Benchmarking LLM Code Generation for Audio Programming with Visual Dataflow Languages. arXiv:2409.00856
- Yuksel, K. A. & Sawaf, H. (2025). AI Co-Artist: A LLM-Powered Framework for Interactive GLSL Shader Animation Evolution. arXiv:2512.08951
- Du, R., Hersh, B., Li, D. et al. (2026). Vibe Coding XR: Accelerating AI + XR Prototyping with XR Blocks and Gemini. arXiv:2603.24591
- Wu, J. & Adar, E. (2025). Exploring Bridges Between Algorithmic and AI-generated Art. arXiv:2406.05508
- Baudry, B., Gamage, Y., Gonzalez Fernandez, N., MK, L., Pena Mendieta, R., Souza Pinter, R. & Zacchiroli, S. (2026). Art in Humanity's Code. arXiv:2608.05174
Classics
- Turkle, S. & Papert, S. (1990). Epistemological Pluralism: Styles and Voices within the Computer Culture. Signs 16(1); reprinted in J. Math. Behavior 11(1), 1992. papert.org version
- Compton, K. & Mateas, M. (2015). Casual Creators. ICCC 2015, 228-235. PDF
- Ko, A. J., Abraham, R., Beckwith, L. et al. (2011). The State of the Art in End-User Software Engineering. ACM Computing Surveys 43(3), Art. 21. doi:10.1145/1922649.1922658
The future: predictions, the average, authorship, labor
- Welsh, M. (2023). The End of Programming. Communications of the ACM 66(1), 34-35. doi:10.1145/3570220
- Karpathy, A. (2026-02). X post: a look back one year after vibe coding, "programming via LLM agents … except with more oversight and scrutiny". x.com/karpathy/status/2019137879310836075
- Epstein, Z., Hertzmann, A. et al. (2023). Art and the science of generative AI. Science 380(6650), 1110-1111; extended version "A deeper dive". arXiv:2306.04141
- Shumailov, I., Shumaylov, Z., Zhao, Y., Papernot, N., Anderson, R. & Gal, Y. (2024). AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data. Nature 631, 755-759. Preprint "The Curse of Recursion". arXiv:2305.17493
- Song, X., Cai, Z. & Zhao, L. (2026). When AI Reviews Its Own Code: Recursive Self-Training Collapse in Code LLMs. arXiv:2606.28438
- Steyerl, H. (2023). Mean Images. New Left Review 140/141, 82-97. monoskop PDF
- Manovich, L. & Arielli, E. (2021-2024). Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art and Visual Media. 9 chapters, serialized online, then published as a book PDF. manovich.net
- U.S. Copyright Office (2025-01-29). Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 2: Copyrightability. copyright.gov/ai
Checked by abstract only
- Waliya, Y. J. (2026). Vibe Coding: AI, Digital Text Recycling, and the Remediation of Digital Poetry. ELO (un)supervised 2026. Abstract
- Hope or Hype? Understanding Vibe Coding through Software Practitioner Discussions. CHASE'26. A longitudinal analysis of 896 Hacker News discussions (155 posts, 7,223 comments). doi:10.1145/3794860.3794904